Microbial Water Quality and Influences of Fecal Accumulation from a Essay

Microbial Water Quality and Influences of Fecal Accumulation from a Dog Exercise Area - Essay Example The results obtained from the samples were keenly analyzed and evaluated to give the relevant result. Published documents were also reviewed to compare the result found with the current experiment results (Garfield and Walker, 2008). The results found were obtained through different tools and techniques, these included sampling of the water and also an analysis of fecal accumulation and burden at different spots along the rivers and lakes. With the fecal accumulation strategy, different masses of dry feces were taken and weighed and then compared with the quantity of feces available per plot. The water sampling technique entailed sampling of the water at different points of the river and then filtering the water on specific filters to give the E.coli bacteria levels before an analysis is done on the amount of waste found in the water (Garfield and Walker, 2008). More feces were deposited at the upstream than downstream. Simple linear regression was used for a comparison and analysis of data obtained from the water sampling technique. This was to determine the relationship between the sample of water collected and the fecal amount found. For the data obtained on the fecal E.coli burden, a correlation analysis was done to give the best result on the relationship between the two (Garfield and Walker, 2008). The result from water sampling showed a variety in correlation between the amount of fecal discharge in the upstream and downstream but did not show any correlation with the seasons (Garfield and Walker, 2008). The regression analysis however showed there was a significate rate of fecal discharge during the summer than in all other existing seasons. Over time it was realized that the amount of feces discharge increased at a constant rate within and around the water sources. The feces of canine animals such as dogs were also found to contain a

Leisure Outfit Ltd (LOL) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leisure Outfit Ltd (LOL) - Assignment Example The bank currently wants the overdraft amount to be reduced over the tenure of next six months. In this regard, the paper presents a comprehensive analytical report to the board of directors of the company on the financial position of LOL so that the roots of the problem is understood and resolved accordingly. Two problems have been detected so far with respect to the company and these are the excessive dependency on over-draft and cash management. It is expected that this situation will affect firm’s short term and long term solvency as well. Considering this factors, the ratio analysis was considered appropriate for evaluating financial position and profitability of the company. The cash position of the company will also be compared between both the years so as to understand where the firm has been investing most of its cash. The liquidity assessment is best conducted with the help of current ratio and acid test ratio. The current ratio points towards a proportionate financial relationship between current assets and current liabilities. The current assets of LOL have improved from  £4356, 000 to  £9974, 000 which can be considered healthy but deeper analysis suggest the sharp decline in the cash position of the company. In addition, inventory has also increased significantly over the year. The ratio has shrunk from 1.76 to 1.13 indicating illiquidity. The other reasons for the decline were determined to be high overdraft that the company received from the bank and almost doubled trade payable. Considering other factors being justifiable, the issue related to the sharp decline in cash require significant attention of the management (Penman 1-35). In addition to that, the acid test ratio revealed that the ratio has declined from 0.78:1 to 0.47:1 which is again another concerning area. The main reason was determined to be the high amount of stocked inventory.  

Indian Art For Cultural Traditions Cultural Studies Essay

Indian Art For Cultural Traditions Cultural Studies Essay As we know India in famous for its culture and traditions. India is a land where there are full diverse cultures. Even geographically the cultures and tradition are suitable to India. The physical of India is so much matched with its cultures and tradition that I became forced to talk about the geographic region of India. Well, Indian art can be defined as the theological, hieratic or is the best of all as traditional. As India is a multi religious country so each religious has its own kind of arts and paintings. I would like to talk about some kinds of paintings in India. Mughal Paintings, Heena paintings, Acrylic paintings and painting texture. If there is a quality, richness, and innovativeness then Mughal paintings are highly admired. I liked Mughal paintings because of its style and unique. Mughal love paintings are the most important sub-genres of Mughal paintings. This sub-genre of paintings is beyond imagination. In their paintings they have the splendid themes and a very unique style. The best thing I liked about Mughal love paintings is that it doesnt resemble the realism. It is totally imagination and creativity. People love Mughal paintings because of its themes, luxury, sensuality and physical beauty. Mughal love painting is not only popular in India itself, it is highly appreciated all over the world. Heena, usually in local language (Hindi) known as mehndi. All the female member of an Indian family is familiar to Heena paintings. Mainly during festivals all the girls and women paints their hands with the paste of Heena. Heena is a kind of flowering shrub. To make dye by Heena first of all the leaves are dried and later crushed to make powder. After that a paint brush or a thin plastic cone is used to paints in hands or any part of body. After applying the paint at least it should kept for three to four hours to dry. This type of body painting is from centuries and it will remain for centuries in Indian art history. It is a believe that if a bride painting is darker than her husband will give lots of love to their bride Before writing about acrylic colors, I want to give a short description on What is Acrylic? Acrylic is a kind of plastic which looks like a glass, in fact the properties of acrylic is superior than glass in many ways. Basically acrylic is of two kinds: continuous cast and cell cast. Continuous cast is also known as extruded; continuous cast is a less expensive process. It is a kind of soft material and contains impurities and cell cast is a high expensive process with good quality. Acrylics are much stronger than glass in many ways. The weight of acrylic is half of the glass which makes works easy. As glass is scored, acrylic can be sawed. The output quality from acrylic is quite good than the output of glass materials. Acrylics have been more popular these days. In present world acrylics are used in malls, aquariums, hospitals. Of course in these days acrylics are used for renovation of interiors. If the thickness of acrylic is one inch than it is bullet resistant. Talking about color medium I like acrylic paints. Because acrylic color is extreme versatility. Acrylic paints are a kind of modern medium. It became popular medium in 1960s. The best thing acrylic color is the quality output and is comfortable for painting as it dries fast rather than watercolor and we can add new layers upon it without disturbing the first layer which means that the first layer doesnt dissolve with second layer. To make a light painting we can add water also. When acrylic colors dry it comes in darker tone, to get lighter tone we must be careful on mixing color. By mixing water we can use acrylic color like watercolor and if we want to use like oil paints than we can use color direct from tube. Painting texture: Texture plays very important role in paintings. It gives a character kind of feeling in artwork. The painting of the texture gives the visual effects and changes the mood of the art work. There is a famous artist in the history if painting texture, his name was Vincent Van Gogh. Some pictures of the Indian Arts are: Fig 1: http://ih1.redbubble.net/work.3453489.2.flat,550550,075,f.the-art-of-henna-body-painting.jpg Fig 2: http://www.hickerphoto.com/data/media/70/native_american_indian_art.jpg Fig 3: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR9PMbXTvK4mS-hxd0yvI49GSMC7nkgPW0jqyKEIggtuDJBbIdPIomJl0sudbsjGoV7u204PdPvd7k6Trv1r_WOwc_bvB-kMjzP56rG9hoz7RiW8sbBZiSvlejSSWWXRJAkn_nQBfdMHEv/s400/indian+art.jpg Being Indian before I was not having knowledge about Indian arts. As I did research on it and I went more deep and deep about it and came to know that our ancestor were so brilliant. They made us to feel proud to be an Indian. My research became fun and more interesting. And I am very much thankful to my faculty who gave us to do this kind of assignment. Western Art Many things changes with the time. From ancient age to modern age we have came across to much type of multiple arts and movement. Many of them became new creation or transformed to other style. The references will b left for details if everything is not covered. If there is a talk about the art history than the most important term would be an art style which covers European history in the end times of middle ages to the start of modern world. The time period of art style was 14th century to 17th century. Basically Western arts were originated in west during 3000 BC. Most of the part of the world is dominated by western art. In history this is one of the oldest courses. Being the oldest course in the art history, western arts is more in high-tech zones like electronic media and the equipments for the development of creative. This horizon is also known as Electronic Arts. In 1300 AD, the history of western art examined as visual art and architecture which reflects as a human interactio n and physical environment. In 1851, an artist was born with the name Mattawan from New York. He has won the first prize in Western Art Assoc. and a gold medalist and writer also. In this way the generation of western art continued. One of the earliest painters that was picked up such as anti-racism. Her name was Marie Guillemine Benoist, a Neo-classical female painter of French. During 1800, she completed a Portrait of a Black Woman, featuring an African slave-turned-servant lady. Leonardo da Vinci, was the main person who represented all the humanistic values during this period of era with the help of his arts, science and writing. Renaissance, this was the time in which each expression and worldly experience became two main themes. It is an Italian origin and later was known as European arts movements. Below there is a list of different movements which symbolizes the different periods of western art. Mannerism Baroque Fauvism Cubism Expressionism Abstract art Futurism Surrealism Minimalism There are many other more movements but these movements are mostly discussed on this topic. A short description of each movement is given below. Mannerism The word mannerism is derived the Latin word Maniera, the Italian word. Mannerism was developed in Florence and Rome between 1520 and 1600. The movement gained favor in most of central and northern Europe and northern Italy. Baroque The origin of Baroque was in Italy and France, Spain, Germany and Netherlands adopted it later. Baroque was applied in the art of period in late 1500s to late 1700s. The wide range of artists and styles is covered by Baroque. Fauvism Fauvism, a French style of painting, also known as French Faucisme. It was flourished in France from 1998 to 1908. Fauvism used pure colors and was applied straight from the tube. Fauvism was mostly for those artists who were a transitional or in learning stage. Cubism The beginning of Cubism was in 1908. It is most radical, innovative art in twentieth-century. It is completely a conception of beauty. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the inventors of Cubism. Expressionism At late 19th and 20th century Expressionism took birth. It was opposed to academic standards in Europe. Expressionism is mainly refers to show the emotions in arts. The Starry Night of Gogh, was the earliest and famous painting. Abstract art Abstract art, early 1960s to late 1940s. This kind of art movement took place during American post-world war II. This was the first American movement which was influenced worldwide. Futurism 1909-1914 was the timeline of Futurism. The appearance of manifesto gave the beginning of Futurism. The presenting style of Futurism was modern an technological. With the development of Cubism, Futurism was highly inspired and went beyond techniques. The origin of Futurism was Italy and was highly influenced in France and Russia. Surrealism The beginning of surrealism was during 1924. This was the artistic movement which bought all the artists and philosophers in hunt of sense of expressions of unconscious. Surrealism became popular after the French artist Andre Breton. I would like to talk more about Impressionism and Expressionism. Impressionism: The title of the painting Impressionism was given by Claude Monet in 1872. After two years in Paris, he laid all his works independently in exhibition. Slowly impressionism became famous and it spread all around and widely used to describe the unique style of these artists. This is a movement which is the origin of French painting, also called optical realism. The scientific interest in the visual experience and the light effect made this movement optical realism. Impressionism took birth in late 1850s to late 1890s. After 1880 there was the rise of Neo-Impressionism. Neo-Impressionism outgrew the Impressionism. Expressionism Expressionism is a kind of art movement which describes the type of art it would be taking out our own ideas, feelings on a piece of paper in sense of paintings. Expressionism was stared late 19th century and early 20th century. It was opposed to academic standards in Europe. Expressionism is mainly refers to show the emotions in arts. The Starry Night of Gogh, was the earliest and famous painting. Most of the artists used their paintings to express their internal feelings and expression. Many art languages such as intense emotions, shapes and abstraction, to come out their feelings. Some of the arts painting of western art are: Mannerism art Fig 1: http://uberart.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/parmigianino.jpg Baroque art, Rinaldo and Armida: artist Anthony van Dyck   Fig2:http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/gallery.asp?action=viewimagecategoryid=text=Baroqueimageid=1123box=shownew= Fauvism art, Market Church at Evening: Lyonel Feininger Fig3:http://www.huntfor.com/absoluteig/gallery.asp?action=viewimagecategoryid=text=Futurismimageid=6060box=shownew= It was very much fun and interesting to do research on art history. I came to know many things about the art of our world. I am thank to my faculty who gave us to do essay on arts. And to all the artist who gave us to think in different way.

William Gibsons Neuromancer :: Essays Papers

William Gibson's Neuromancer When Neuromancer by William Gibson was first published it created a sensation. Or perhaps it would be more precise to say that it was used to create a sensation, for Bruce Sterling and other Gibson associates declared that a new kind of science fiction had appeared which rendered merely ordinary SF obsolete. Informed by the amoral urban rage of the punk subculture and depicting the developing human-machine interface created by the widespread use of computers and computer networks, set in the near future in decayed city landscapes like those portrayed in the film Blade Runner it claimed to be the voice of a new generation. (Interestingly, Gibson himself has said he had finished much of what was to be his body of early cyberpunk fiction before ever seeing Blade Runner.) Eventually it was seized on by hip "postmodern" academics looking to ride the wave of the latest trend. Dubbed "cyberpunk," the stuff was being talked about everywhere in SF. Of course by the time symposia were being he ld on the subject, writers declared cyberpunk dead, yet the stuff kept being published and it continues to be published today by writers like K. W. Jeter and Rudy Rucker. Perhaps the best and most representative anthology of cyberpunk writers is Mirrorshades., edited by Sterling, the genre's most outspoken advocate. But cyberpunk's status as the revolutionary vanguard was almost immediately challenged. Its narrative techniques, many critics pointed out, were positively reactionary compared to the experimentalism of mid-60s "new wave" SF. One of the main sources of its vision was William S. Burroughs' quasi-SF novels like Nova Express, (1964), and the voice of Gibson's narrator sounded oddly like a slightly updated version of old Raymond Chandler novels like The Big Sleep, (1939). Others pointed out that almost all of cyberpunk's characteristics could be found in the works of older writers such as J. G. Ballard, Philip K. Dick, Harlan Ellison, or Samuel R. Delany. Most damning of all, it didn't seem to have been claimed by the generation it claimed to represent. Real punks did little reading, and the vast majority of young SF readers preferred to stick with traditional storytellers such as Larry Niven, Anne McCaffrey and even Robert Heinlein. Gibson's prose was too dense and tangled for casual re aders, so it is not surprising that he gained more of a following among academics than among the sort of people it depicted.

Autobiography – personal writing

My real father died when I was a baby. Only photographs and faint memories help me recall who he was. I suppose I accepted Roy as my father, I suppose I was too young not to accept him but now as I look at his old waxy skin as he lies in his open coffin, I realise that I don't miss him. I haven't talked to my mother in years so Its been years since I needed him. He passed away two days ago from heart failure. My mother is a different story, she was stranded without him, Roy married my mother a year after my father died, Roy was my step-father. The day after the funeral was Monday, I am informed by my financial advisor that my stocks have doubled over the weekend, ordinarily this is good news on a Monday morning but the thought of my mother on her own in that old dusty flat while I stand in my blush office, annoys me. â€Å"Any bad news today? † I ask with caution, â€Å"No, everything is as good as it can be† he replies with a bright smile. I thanked him for cheering me up and he left with a nod as if to imply â€Å"don't mention it†. I leant over to turn on the T. V in my office, going to work on a Monday with nothing to work on, â€Å"Three dead in terrifying car crash† I don't usually watch T. V in work because I should have something to do or to help with, I own a company called ‘Earth-links' it's a telecoms company. I left and went home at about half past ten to sleep rather than sit in my office, although it looked like the middle of the night, it was clouded up with rain. We have interrupted this programming to show a special news bulletin† I woke up to see the screen disappear into a solid blue picture then the 6 o'clock news studio came on the screen and a small black haired woman appeared and said â€Å"People in the northern Ireland area are asked to stay indoors unless it is an emergency†, the drone which was the rain on the window pane drew my attention, I stood up and walked to the window to see distorted houses and street lights below me, it didn't look good and the rain wasn't ending any time soon. The TV blurred on behind me until I turned to focus my attention, â€Å"severe flooding† said the news presenter. Although it might have not been the perfect time for me I decided to go talk with my mother, for the first time in years. I haven't talked to my mother because we argued over years and so I left when I was 19. I went down to the south of Ireland with her and Roy to sort things out, but that didn't work. I am now 32 five years have passed since that. I finish up some microwave pasta and use the elevator to get to the car park, The good thing about a car park is that you don't get wet, not today. My car was parked beside the exit where some rain water had got into and had soaked my toes. I had ignored all the weather warnings and drove out into the street and the street of Belfast, the rain was so loud on the roof of the car I put on some music, it was about half past five and I rarely saw another vehicle. My mother lives in an old persons flat quite inland. On my way through the country I saw flooded fields and cars stuck in mud. I arrived in the doorway at six o' clock and pressed number 6 and got no answer, the doorway is not very sheltered and I am now soaked from the rain. I press the doorbell again, â€Å"hello† said a voice, â€Å"hello mum can you open the door its Aaron† I said â€Å"oh hello Aaron, come on in then† she replied, her voice was weary and tired, I think she was sleeping. The buzzer went and I rushed out of the rain and into the hallway. There were 2 doors and a set of stairs. My feet now felt like wrinkly prunes from my saturated shoes, it had been raining all day now very heavily. I leave the hallway and notice my dark footprints behind me, I walked up the twisted stairway, I cannot see how someone could survive in a place like this, I haven't seen anyone its like it is derelict. I get up to the 2nd floor to find my mother standing at her door, â€Å"hi mum† I said before she noticed me, â€Å"Aaron, why have you come† she said, â€Å"look I just don't want you feeling real bad about yourself. I want to make things up with you† I said abruptly, â€Å"come inside† she said as she turned to go inside. The smell of tea and unclean furniture hit me like a slap to the face, I sat on the couch looking at the framed photographs of Roy and my mother, there was one of me, I was at the zoo with my sister and Roy, the clash of plates and cups awoke me from my daydream, â€Å"sugar? my mother asked, â€Å"yea, thanks† I said. I took a sip of my tea, it soothed my dry throat. â€Å"mum, I am really sorry for the last 10 or so years, I have been really stupid, I realised yesterday that I should have enjoyed Roys life while I could instead of ignoring you and him. I think I have just held on to bad things I shouldn't have. Can you forgiv e me† I said waiting for an answer. â€Å"Aaron, I was being the silly one not you, Roy told me so after that holiday to Ireland, I was down right rude† she said as she fiddled with here necklace. A good start I thought, we went on chatting about the good times we had together when I was a child, it wasn't until eight o' clock I went to leave. I walked back down the stairs smiling at what I had accomplished; my right foot was wet, I looked down and saw that the last few steps were covered in water and rising, the rain had flooded into the flats and was just below knee depth. I stood there for a while and decided to get to my car. I ran down through the hallway and out the door, out side wasn't as bad, I ran to my car through the dark rain, I couldn't see much but I got to my car which was parked not to far away but the street was flooded very severely, there was no way I was getting home. I ran back to the flats and the door was still open. I ran to the stairs and walked to the flat again I went inside and explained to my mother â€Å"its really flooded out there†, my mother replied † oh dear what shall you do†, I then said † do you mind if I sleep here† my mother said â€Å"oh not at all we'll sort something out†. I sat and watched the TV until 11 while my mother went to her bed quite early, the television was boring but it passed the time. Three days passed, it stopped raining on the 2nd day my mother and I really bonded through the days surviving on what she had in the dusty cupboards. The rain had mostly evaporated after one day and I went to my car. I drove back through the country past soaked and some still very flooded spots. I got home later that day to find everything as I had left it. The only difference was that I felt new and had straightened my life out with my mother. I have realised, I am happy.

Solid Waste Generation

Solid waste generation is an inevitable consequence of production and consumption activities in any economy (Bennagen, M. E., 2002). Dumping of solid wastes in unauthorized places such as roadside, drains, and undeveloped piece of land leads to accumulation of solid wastes in the environment. Agricultural wastes are solid wastes that contribute to the amount of accumulated solid wastes in many parts of the world. The Philippines, which is considered as an agricultural country, contributes a large percentage of agricultural wastes in the world. The country contributes more than 10,000 tons of solid wastes per day (Bennagen, M. E., 2002).  This large amount of accumulated solid wastes contributes to problems such as flooding in urban areas, uncollected garbage, and inadequate disposal sites. The effects of accumulated solid wastes in the environment are becoming one of the major concerns of the country and worldwide.In the field of civil engineering, the effects of solid wastes on the hydration process of concrete have been investigated and the studies provided promising results (Okonkwo, 2012). Attempts have been made by various researchers to convert solid wastes to beneficial applications with high level of success in helping to reduce solid waste. Therefore, identifying analogous material from the waste products and using for beneficial application is an idea worth embracing.Eggshell is an agricultural waste that litters the environment. It is a common waste product in fast food, restaurants, and other food-related business establishments. This waste material was found out to be mainly composed of compounds of calcium. Eggshells are composed of 93.70% calcium carbonate, 4.20% organic matter, 1.30% magnesium carbonate, and 0.80% calcium phosphate (Rabiu A. and Mtallib M., 2009). Eggshell is primarily composed of calcium carbonate, which is the primary raw material in producing cement. This compound, which is naturally occurring and abundantly found in the Earth's crust, can also be found in bones, marbles, stalactites, and stalagmites. On the basis of the common compositional characteristics of cement and eggshells, heating or incineration of eggshells to produce eggshell ash and adding controlled amounts would significantly affect the properties of cement in its application to concrete.

The Best Marketing Workflows to Get Your Team Organized

The Best Marketing Workflows to Get Your Team Organized Managing a marketing team poses unique challenges. You’ve got other departments breathing down your neck†¦ You’re trying to stay on top of multiple deadlines†¦ You’re in so many meetings it’s hard to find time to do your actual work†¦ Tracking projects from start to finish is nearly impossible Has the Designer been sent this blog post? Does the Social Strategist know it’s time schedule the social media posts? Have we run analytics on this and completed the reporting? If everything feels disorganized and like a total cluster, it might be time to implement some workflow processes. Don’t know where to start? We’re making it easy†¦ because we’ve been there. We know the frustration is *real*. In this post, we’re giving you 5, pre-made, marketing workflows for all your campaigns. Time to get organized, fellow marketers. Introducing Team Management Dashboard The number one complaint we hear from Marketing Managers is that it’s nearly impossible to maintain visibility into their marketing strategy while also keeping a pulse on who is doing what and when. This is exactly the problem our new Team Management Dashboard solves. With Team Management Dashboard you can†¦ See everyones workload in real-time. Drag and drop tasks to effectively delegate without a bunch of meetings. Set realistic timelines and better manage your resources. We’re finally giving you a bird’s eye view of each task your team is working on day-by-day, in one place. Say goodbye to that messy spreadsheet you are constantly trying to tame. (Can I get a HALLELUJAH?!) Start With A Free Marketing Project Management Plan Template not only makes planning your marketing workflow a cinch, it also makes staying on top of it a reality, finally. Weve also got some kick-@ss, free PM templates to help you get organized. Download em here. 👇 Email Marketing Workflow 1. Decide content The first thing someone will need to do is choose items to prioritize in your newsletter or email. Common examples are recent blog posts, relevant company news, an upcoming sale, new product launch, or contest. Someone on your team could choose the times on their own, or you could do a quick convo as a team to decide the content. 2. Layout email After  the items to promote have been chosen, someone will need to layout the email. Using a tool like MailChimp or CampaignMonitor makes this step quite simple. 3. Choose or design images Next up, either a Designer or Email Marketer will need to add the images. If your organization wants a more branded feel to your email campaigns, consider assigning this task to a Designer. 4. Write email copy Depending on your team size, it might be necessary to assign this task to a Content Writer. 5. Write test email subject line  with the Email Subject Line Tester âÅ" Ã¯ ¸  6. Send test email Even if your team has hawkeyes and is confident that everything looks perfect, you should still include this step in your workflow. 7. Review test email Set a special task to remind your Email Marketing Specialist to spend a few minutes reviewing their test email. Better yet, assign this task to someone else to review. Sometimes it can be difficult to spot mistakes on your own projects. They’ll want to confirm that the layout, grammar, header/footer, etc. look good on both desktop and mobile devices. 8. Revise This step is mostly only necessary if a separate person is responsible for reviewing the test email. 9. Schedule or hit send 😠¬ 10. Review, track analyze This could be  one task or multiple depending on how often your team needs to report on the email’s performance. You will likely assign this to an Email Marketing Specialist or someone on your analytics team. Who will you need? You’ll need at least one designated person to be responsible for your email marketing campaigns, but you could have up to four. Email Marketing Specialist Graphic Designer Content Writer Analytics Specialist Recommended Reading: The 9 Free Email Marketing Templates You Need to Execute Everything

Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament

1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t... Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament 1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t...

Art of Cooking Essay Example for Free

Art of Cooking Essay I have a passion for culinary art. My double culture, and family background was behind this love . I always thought that being half French , half Moroccan is a great mixture , but starting to cook approved it to me . I remember when I used to sneak in my mom’s kitchen, and play with the ingredients. It was a great time where I learned how to mix, and make new dishes by improvising new combinations. For example, I mixed flavors and textures that were usually never combined. Or even add new colors in my dishes that raise their beauty. I was not the only one fascinated by food. My dad a professional chef got me into the world of pastry, and Moroccan traditional food ex: â€Å"Tagine,† which is primarily used to slow-cook savory stews and vegetable dishes. Because the domed or cone-shaped lid of the tagine traps steam and returns the condensed liquid to the pot. Morocco is the culinary star of North Africa; it is the doorway between Europe and Africa. Much imperial and trade influence has been filtered, and blended into this culture. Moroccan cooking is characterized by rich spices that combine anywhere from 10 to 100 spices. French and Moroccan cooking cuisines have been subject to Berber, Moorish, Arab, and European influences. Most French dishes are known for their complex, and rich flavors, we love bread, and wines. Most of people tried some French recipes, or food without knowing that is even French. You may find them all over the world. Ex: * Crepes: a very flat pancake typically stuffed with fruit or cream. * Baguette: a long French bread loaf. * Chocolate mousse: this lighter than air dessert originated in France. * Eclair : a pastry stuffed with cream and topped with icing. * Creme Brulee : Custard topped with hard caramel. â€Å"One cannot think well, love well, and sleep well, if one has not dined well. † Art of Cooking. (2017, Mar 24).

Criminal law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal law - Research Paper Example The field of criminal law has to be lean and presentable for the sake of shortening the road to justice. One of what now constitutes a criminal offence and ought to be repealed is public drunkenness and nuisance. The law is not quite defined and it is not strange to see most of the criminals in one way or the other to incriminated with crimes related to drunkenness. Two factors are always considered before one is construed to have committed a criminal offence. This is guilty act and guilty mind, while a guilty act is the nature and form of behaviors that individuals poses a guilty mind on the other is the situation in which an individual is self professed as facing guilt (Peter, 189). A combination of the two constitutes a criminal offence and clearly, this is lacking in the case of public drunkenness. A public drunkard has no guilty mind or guilty act. Criminalizing such kind of cases as criminal is not only overburdening the public with bureaucratic system of law enforcement but al so results into giving false impression on the accused (Peter 194). The act of criminology should be clearly defined such that other activities that may be construed as negligence, indecent public exposure or act are separated from the acts of criminals. Other acts that are equally considered criminal offence and should be reconsidered are vagrancy and contravention of the traffic rules. This is a resolution realized after the courts are found to find it so hard to attend to cases due to lack of clarity resulting from them. Spreading criminal offence to include all these has also made the dispensation of justice to be a problem. This is because of the time taken to pass judgments as well as adducing evidence for and against by the prosecutor and the defendant respectively. There are also tendency that the prosecutor do threaten the accused to compound the charges for not pleading guilty and entering into a trial with such parties in the critical conditions (Peter, 201). There will b e a perception that if such activities are not considered as criminal, there will result a situation where several of such cases arising and even overcrowding further the corridors of justice. This is not the case, the only proposal in this case is not to criminalize the situation but the charges against those who will be found guilty of the contraventions will face the equal measure of the law. The aim of the move is to help reduce the burden of the public in response to what is considered mushrooming of criminal offences that are being enacted on a daily basis in a routine manner. This has proved to be over criminalization for the public making the lives of the public difficult in complying with all the regulations that are being enacted as criminal. The public will be enabled to observe the regulation more so those that are considered criminal offences with ease instead of creating several criminal laws at every stage in life are overburdening and irritating to the people involve d. Before a law is enacted to be a criminal offence, the legislation team should be mindful about the public and should ensure that the law meets all the facets of criminology such that it becomes enforceable in the event that the same publics contravene them. Criminalizing everything anytime is not the solution to the problems, in fact

Critically examine theory of demand supported by the examples from Essay

Critically examine theory of demand supported by the examples from wine Industry (moldovan wine) - Essay Example In other words, there is a likelihood of people tending to purchase a different product that can give them the same satisfaction or other alternatives in which they spend a smaller amount of money (Cachon & Terwiesch, 47). The relationship between price and quantity demanded is represented in the figure below (fig. 1) There are various determinants of the quantity demanded, which lead to a shift in the demand curve. The shift is either outwards whereby the demand of a product goes up or goes down (inward shift). Consumer tastes and preferences are among the determinants that can either increase or decrease the demand (Fairey, 31). For example, if consumers gain confidence in Moldovan Wine, they are likely to buy more than other kinds of wines. In such a situation, even if the price increases and that of other wines reduce, the demand may not react to the price changes. The tastes of consumers shift the demand to the right. On the other hand, if it does not satisfy consumer preferences, the demand falls (shifts to the left). The number of consumers in the particular market is also a major determinant of demand. If more consumers enter the market, the quantity demanded increases (Cachon & Terwiesch, 66). For example, if the number of Russian and other nationals in the region increases in South Africa during the FIFA world cup, the demand for Miestii Mici may rise as people tend to get a taste of the wine that they are used to. In the regions where the wine is not known to many consumers, less of it is consumed. The income of consumers also affects the demand of a commodity. For example, Miestii Mici is affordable to even the low income consumers and therefore the demand is usually high among people of diverse income levels. The prices of related goods are also a major determinant of the demand for a product. If there happens to be another product that can be used as a substitute for the Moldovan wine, consumers tend to purchase what is easily

War and the media (focusing on the First Gulf War) Essay

War and the media (focusing on the First Gulf War) - Essay Example It is believed that although the main cause of the war was a very ancient conflict of Persians and Arabs. At that time and moment there was a great social and revolutionary change that was occurring in Iran. There was a whole lot of establishment of religious leadership. The reforms that were occurring in Iran were of quite a serious nature. The reforms were both social and political. Saddam Hussein judged the fact that this conflict would put Iran in a weaker position and hence make it easier for the Iraqi soldiers to get hold of the situation and thus invade Iran. The master mind behind this war was Saddam Hussein who believed, that if they attacked the Iranian at this point and time of conflict and turmoil, they will not be able to counter attack and hence face quite a lot of issues with their own security. He considered as the best time for the Iraqis to take over and establish their own supremacy over the whole area. They believed this as the most opportune moment. There was als o a fear of loss of power that had driven Saddam Hussein to consider the attacks. He believed that the Shiite uprising in Iran can ultimately affect the people living in Iraq too. Iraq has a dominant Shiite population and hence he feared that the Shiite Iraqis might feel motivated and rise against the Sunni establishment. It was this fear and the will to become the leader in the region that Saddam Hussein leapt into war. The reason that Saddam Hussein also felt fearless and jumped into war was that they had the support of Americans as well. Iran was undergoing a complete religious transformation and they had always considered Americans as the great Satan. They had declared openly their anti US feelings. This was what fueled the US and they sided with Iraq in this war to terrorize Iran and take control of it. Also, after the First World War , there was a demarcation that was made between the countries. The continued border disputes within both the countries also fueled the incident. If we consider the role of media, media has always been in the hands of those who are in power. In this case it was America who was quite at much stake. They had freshly lost a battle in Vietnam, which despite being a prolonged war turned out to be a gift of deaths alone for the Americans. It was highly important for them that they get a good name and reputation for themselves. Therefore, in this case they favored the Iraqi. The Iranians were very openly against the Americans and therefore, to be able to have their own say and hold in the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf they sided with Iraqis. Iraqis had the worst fear in the form of their own Shiite population who might rise up against them as they attacked the Iranians, whose majority population was Shiite. This was what made the war more of name saving game for the Americans. They very publicly showed their support for the Iraqis and provided them with help and guidance so as to be able to overcome Iran. The first two years of t he war proved to be difficult for Iran as they had a very weak army , and which had been further weakened by the constant uprising that was occurring in their state. They could do little to protect themselves, with the continuous infiltrations of the Mullahs in the army. Once they had been able to regain a bit of their control over the army their attack had turn to offensive instead of a defensive one. America just to prove that they were

The Prosecution System of Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Prosecution System of Canada - Essay Example This is especially true when it is something that is involving one from the police force's on brotherhood. They are hesitant to act right away, which is evidently obvious in the subsequent case being discussed in this research. In the first case it can be safely assumed that law enforcement is quite aware of interactions involving the distribution of this drug in many areas of Canada yet when they find that it is being carried out for the betterment of those with health issues they often step aside unless unabashed behaviors are found to be quite heavy. The reasons for this are many since the Constitution plays an integral part in how all of this comes into being. The Constitutional rights and the new Charter, of the individual in this first case plays a definitive role in the prosecution process sometimes hindering it and leading to dismissals while at other times assisting the prosecution. There are a number of variables that affect this legal process and none really have the solidity that law enforcement would like. Also, many similar ramifications of this new Charter have an affect on the secondary case in this research as well because this mans Constitutional rights have not been wholly upheld, and pr omises for treatment of his depression not kept totally intact. He has somewhat slipped through the cracks and been looked over. Perhaps this could be due to the fact he has a history of working in the police department and no one assumed his actions would go as far as they did in the case. Chapter 7 of the Constitution protects the rights of those who are very ill, either mentally (such as with severe depression) or with a medical reason so it is seen how this Charter plays a part in both of these cases. There are cases that can provide validity into both of these scenarios, and that can also give the solid reasoning needed to find the answer as to why it is imperative to have a legal understanding of how these types of cases should be handled. In this way an appropriate legal definition can be understood as to how and why legal actions should or should not be carried out. Reverting back to the case involving the usage and distribution of cannabis, Mr. Smith's case is not so different from many others and on these grounds he will more than likely not be held liable for any criminal intent in his business activities so it would be somewhat useless to even attempt to take the case to court based on the concrete evidence that is available. That is, unless it can be proven that his motives are promoting recreational usage as well. The case with the prior police officer is a little more complicated and the following research will show how disregard for treatment of depression, for anyone, can lead to more complications than first perceived. This is even with regard to those who are normally upstanding and law abiding citizens. The Smith Case This case is openly situated around the idea that the distribution of marijuana or cannabis is solely regulated by the MMAR but there remain some restrictions in this area. In this case, as in many others in the past, law enforcement is aware of the transactions going on outside of the regulations of this program yet they do not always enforce any legal penalties, not unless there is a

Selected Retailer in Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Selected Retailer in Tesco - Case Study Example Its customer data –base includes not only details about its client’s interests, and but also contains of an assorted variety of other food-associate services and non-food services and products and also the life-style and demographic details of its shoppers which include total dollars expended on food products in its stores and the customer response to its product promotion and allied programs. (Shajahan 2006:205). For the first time in the year 2005, Tesco achieved the thirty percent market share in the grocery market in UK.TESCO is the first retailer in UK to report revenues more than  £ 2 billion. This is really astonishing as this means that every  £8 spent by UK shoppers, about  £1 will be spent in Tesco stores. TESCO during 2008/09 recorded net sales of  £ 1.9 billion and its profit during the year touched a new height of  £ 109 million. TESCO online shopping website is the top five most visited retail websites on the global level, and it attracts about 3.3 million visitors on a weekly basis. TESCO is distributing about 12 million catalogues during a year and receives about 475,000 orders per week. It has the most effective distribution system and has about 2000 home delivery vans and offers employment for more than 20000 individuals. (Wade-Gery 2009). Tesco’s online retail sales are on the increase on an annual basis. Total online sales by adult population were just 17% in 2003, which jumped to a whooping figure of 62 percent in 2010. Though, Tesco’s online sale is only 7% of total retail sales of UK, but there is a still bright prospect for growth potential in this sector. (Wade-Gery 2009). TESCO’s online business is not only large but also rapidly developing. Online business adds more revenue to Tesco, and it has a competitive advantage as a multi-channel offers are being made. TESCO online business is of low capital intensity in nature but with high returns. Further, the  the online grocery market presents plenty of growth to Tesco as Tesco has penetrated about 3% of overall online grocery market in UK but only about 6.7% of Tesco’s grocery sales are made through online.

War and the media (focusing on the First Gulf War) Essay

War and the media (focusing on the First Gulf War) - Essay Example It is believed that although the main cause of the war was a very ancient conflict of Persians and Arabs. At that time and moment there was a great social and revolutionary change that was occurring in Iran. There was a whole lot of establishment of religious leadership. The reforms that were occurring in Iran were of quite a serious nature. The reforms were both social and political. Saddam Hussein judged the fact that this conflict would put Iran in a weaker position and hence make it easier for the Iraqi soldiers to get hold of the situation and thus invade Iran. The master mind behind this war was Saddam Hussein who believed, that if they attacked the Iranian at this point and time of conflict and turmoil, they will not be able to counter attack and hence face quite a lot of issues with their own security. He considered as the best time for the Iraqis to take over and establish their own supremacy over the whole area. They believed this as the most opportune moment. There was als o a fear of loss of power that had driven Saddam Hussein to consider the attacks. He believed that the Shiite uprising in Iran can ultimately affect the people living in Iraq too. Iraq has a dominant Shiite population and hence he feared that the Shiite Iraqis might feel motivated and rise against the Sunni establishment. It was this fear and the will to become the leader in the region that Saddam Hussein leapt into war. The reason that Saddam Hussein also felt fearless and jumped into war was that they had the support of Americans as well. Iran was undergoing a complete religious transformation and they had always considered Americans as the great Satan. They had declared openly their anti US feelings. This was what fueled the US and they sided with Iraq in this war to terrorize Iran and take control of it. Also, after the First World War , there was a demarcation that was made between the countries. The continued border disputes within both the countries also fueled the incident. If we consider the role of media, media has always been in the hands of those who are in power. In this case it was America who was quite at much stake. They had freshly lost a battle in Vietnam, which despite being a prolonged war turned out to be a gift of deaths alone for the Americans. It was highly important for them that they get a good name and reputation for themselves. Therefore, in this case they favored the Iraqi. The Iranians were very openly against the Americans and therefore, to be able to have their own say and hold in the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf they sided with Iraqis. Iraqis had the worst fear in the form of their own Shiite population who might rise up against them as they attacked the Iranians, whose majority population was Shiite. This was what made the war more of name saving game for the Americans. They very publicly showed their support for the Iraqis and provided them with help and guidance so as to be able to overcome Iran. The first two years of t he war proved to be difficult for Iran as they had a very weak army , and which had been further weakened by the constant uprising that was occurring in their state. They could do little to protect themselves, with the continuous infiltrations of the Mullahs in the army. Once they had been able to regain a bit of their control over the army their attack had turn to offensive instead of a defensive one. America just to prove that they were

Selected Retailer in Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Selected Retailer in Tesco - Case Study Example Its customer data –base includes not only details about its client’s interests, and but also contains of an assorted variety of other food-associate services and non-food services and products and also the life-style and demographic details of its shoppers which include total dollars expended on food products in its stores and the customer response to its product promotion and allied programs. (Shajahan 2006:205). For the first time in the year 2005, Tesco achieved the thirty percent market share in the grocery market in UK.TESCO is the first retailer in UK to report revenues more than  £ 2 billion. This is really astonishing as this means that every  £8 spent by UK shoppers, about  £1 will be spent in Tesco stores. TESCO during 2008/09 recorded net sales of  £ 1.9 billion and its profit during the year touched a new height of  £ 109 million. TESCO online shopping website is the top five most visited retail websites on the global level, and it attracts about 3.3 million visitors on a weekly basis. TESCO is distributing about 12 million catalogues during a year and receives about 475,000 orders per week. It has the most effective distribution system and has about 2000 home delivery vans and offers employment for more than 20000 individuals. (Wade-Gery 2009). Tesco’s online retail sales are on the increase on an annual basis. Total online sales by adult population were just 17% in 2003, which jumped to a whooping figure of 62 percent in 2010. Though, Tesco’s online sale is only 7% of total retail sales of UK, but there is a still bright prospect for growth potential in this sector. (Wade-Gery 2009). TESCO’s online business is not only large but also rapidly developing. Online business adds more revenue to Tesco, and it has a competitive advantage as a multi-channel offers are being made. TESCO online business is of low capital intensity in nature but with high returns. Further, the  the online grocery market presents plenty of growth to Tesco as Tesco has penetrated about 3% of overall online grocery market in UK but only about 6.7% of Tesco’s grocery sales are made through online.

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Essay ‘’Et tu, Brutus? ’’ the accusation hurled at Brutus by the dying Julius Caesar made immortal by William Shakespeare continues to reverberate to this day. Up until his death, Brutus was convinced that it was for the good of the republic. Brutus was convinced that the death of one was better than the death of democracy. Brutus was convinced that the murder of an imminent tyrant was a selfless and necessary execution for the benefit of society. Brutus, self-appointed judge, jury, and executioner was able to win over the other Roman political and military leaders to carry out the murder of Julius Caesar; All of this in the name of selflessness, freedom and democracy. For Brutus, the end justifies the means. An eye for an eye. A tooth for a tooth. A return to the moral dark ages. Consider this: profiling, homeland security, retinal scans at internal airport immigration, Guantanamo high security prison. Sure, all these can perhaps be justified in terms of the aftermath and our desire not to have a recurrence of 9-11. Sure†¦ Does it also mean that we can disregard basic human rights? Does it also mean that we can now be more intolerant – and deeply suspicious – of anyone who does not look like us, worship like us, dress up like us, eat like us? Does the end really therefore justify the means? Sadly and tragically, what Brutus did was not new. He was not the first one to justify murder and claim a greater and noble purpose behind his action. Nor shall Brutus be the last â€Å"patriot’’. But we who have better sense and fortified with a sense of history can do something about preventing the emergence of Brutus and those claiming to employ â€Å"ends justified by the means† methods. Public opinion, public dissent, public debate and exposure are the best defense. The end can only be justified by justifiable means: by informed, free, democratic, transparent, and just means. And nothing less.

Analysis of Ti Tonic

Analysis of Ti Tonic Submitted by : Anubhav Singh   Ã‚   INTRODUCTION Ti-Tonics are propelled mixes of characteristic tea concentrates, fiber and plant polyphenols, intended to extinguish your thirst and sustain your body. Polyphenols are natures most intense cancer prevention agents and protectants.Its one of its kind products in the world in which the ingredients come from the wine making industry and fuse them to the beverage. Ti Tonic is injected with New Zealand grape seed that is normally removed utilizing our 100% Aqua Pure ® prepare that utilizations just water to extricate the bioactives from these organic prfoduct. This implies the bioactives are separated in their regular shape and not harmed by solvents, or brutal concoction extraction strategies. Whats more no substance or dissolvable buildups are in the last item. Solidify drying of the last item guarantees the movement of the concentrates is kept up and not pulverized.(Whats special, ti-tonics.com) Currently major export market is Australia. Ti Tonics won award of Best Tea Beverage by NZJBA which is New Zealand Juice and Beverage Association. Products offered by Ti Tonics are : Pomegranate Super Tea Blueberry Super Tea Passion Super Tea Mango Super Tea Nectarine Super Tea My market analysis will be conducted in India which is second Largest in terms of population after China. Market Research Analysis Tool I will be using PESTEL for this market research as PESTLE investigation is a market examination apparatus that considers outside variables that can influence a business. It gives a bird eye viewpoint of the whole environment from an extensive variety of focuses that one needs to check and screen while pondering on a particular idea/plan. PESTLE is the abbreviation which, when expanded stands for: P PoliticalE EconomicalS SocialT TechnologicalL LegalE Environmental POLITICAL: India Vote based system is the point of convergence of the Indian political framework, however is frequently compelled by social strains because of religious, position and semantic differences. India is the biggest vote based country on the planet and standards of popular government are profoundly dug in the Indian political framework. Indian assorted qualities is reflected in the elected political structure of government, where power is shared amongst states and the inside.Foreign Policy: After a time of unmistakable comrade/communist predisposition, India has step by step warmed up to Western Europe, the US and numerous other outside nations. India is likewise taking a shot at unhindered commerce assentions (FTA) with Canada and the EU to change exchange encourage and fortify its two-sided associations with the two districts. New Zealand- New Zealands political framework has a relative representation framework that gives rise to chance to both the gender; male and females. The nation has high scores in the World Bank administration pointers for 2014, which shows a solid democratic set-up and political security in the nation.The nation is additionally executing the New Zealand Inc. technique, which plans to enhance the nations outer export and import through strong foreign relations. The technique is relied upon to cover India, China, ASEAN, Australia and the Gulf Cooperation Chamber (MarketLine,2015) OBSERVATION:India is a political stable country; a relentless government does not mull over authoritative issues to effect business. On the other hand possibly it makes decisions and controls that pads relationship from political unbalanced attributes. There wont be any political danger in introduce this new healthy organic tea to Indian markets. ECONOMICAL FACTORS : INDIA Second largest workforce in the world India is home to the second biggest workforce, which is relied upon to increment altogether throughout the following four decades. This gives India a critical edge over contenders, for example, China. According to Survey, India a haven of stability amidst gloomy global economic landscape (Economic Times,2016) Global Workforce (millions),2014-19 Size of workforce in 2014Size of workforce in 2019   Ã‚   China 706.8 683.9 India 437.4 472.2 United States 136.0 140.7 Brazil 94.3 98.7 Russian Federation 66.2 66.7 Source Market Line Developed equity marketIndian value showcase has indicated enormous change throughout the years, on account of the control by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India). SEBI is the controller of securities market in India. Indian value markets have ended up world class, all because of the push towards progression and strong control. Indian value markets have been named as one of the best in Asia, and the current governments push to open up the economy, has made the business sectors look all the more alluring. Securities exchange capitalization as a rate of GDP has ascended over the current years.( http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=21sid=b961b8a7-3983-4024-bcd9-636fef4e0edd%40sessionmgr101hid=124 ) New Zealand Resilient banking sector: The country has an adaptable keeping cash zone that weathered the overall fiscal crisis well. As of November 2014, there were 25 enrolled banks in the country. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, Auckland Savings Bank, Bank of New Zealand, Kiwibank, and Westpac are the five essential trading banks. Out of the total enrolled banks, ten enlisted banks work in the country as branches of abroad consolidate banks.(PESTLE NZ) OBSERVATION- This information demonstrates that Indian economy steady and developing, it will be proposed to be a decent market for this sort of business. SOCIAL FACTORS: India-India is the most populous nation in the world after china with more than 1.2bn people.Current strength with social aspects are urrent quality with social perspectives are the developing extent of youthful people. The middle age in India was 27.3 years in 2015(CIA The World Fact book). Around 94.05% of Indias populace was assessed to be less than 65 years of age. Besides, 65.96% of the populace was assessed to be in the working-age gathering of 15-64 around the same time. Indian individuals put stock in enormous and rumoured brands. So they will incline toward huge and most presumed brand. New Zealand-The social scene of the nation is solid with a streamlined social welfare framework, human services administrations, and education. The nation has scored high on human advancement through great levels of social insurance, education, and salary. Future during childbirth is 80.90 years for the aggregate populace starting at 2014(country PESTLE, MarketLine, 2015). Newborn child death rate remained at 4.6 for every 1,000 live births in 2014, which has been an astounding accomplishment (CIA-The World Factbook).As per the UNDP Human Development Report 2014, the HDI for the nation is 0.910 and it is positioned seventh among 187 nations, a solid accomplishment.New Zealand also holds a strong educational sector which reflects in the high enrolment rates of 5-14 year-olds, which was at 100% in 2013(OECD Economic Survey, 2015). OBSERVATION:Ti Tonic will not face much difficulties in launching their product as there are more of younger population in India and they always look forward to try something good which is good in taste and healthier as well. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS : India- India has gained critical ground in the innovation segment. This is reflected by a sizable increment in the quantity of innovation establishments and number of licenses affirmed in the nation. Solid advance has been made in the telecom, IT, and IT-empowered administrations parts, and the nation has gotten worldwide acknowledgment in these regions. Despite the fact that India was a late starter in the biotech area, it has now settled a strong global reputation.In spite of the fact that the administration has been proactive in its endeavours to empower development in the innovation part, the nations Research and development consumption at 0.8% of GDP is much lower than that of other developing markets, for example, Brazil and China.( Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). As a result, Indias extent of cutting edge made fares, which are items with high RD power, has slacked behind its associates.India lacks in term of developed countries, as major population lives in rural areas so India needs to push to urban infrastructure and able to provide proper power supply to the sectors and develop its weak sections like high transportation costs , storage problems and not living up to the standards units food and beverage industry. New Zealand-New Zealand is very much furnished with institutional abilities for advancement and RD. Be that as it may; the low RD use is likewise reflected in the low number of licenses granted to the nation. The administration has reacted to the languor in development with specific measures. These are probably going to be viable over the long haul.(Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). Strengths of the New Zealand technological sector are institutional capabilities for innovation and strong ICT sector (Information and communications technology. OBSERVATION Organization needs to make suitable courses of action so as to profit appropriate mechanical offices with a specific end goal to defeat high transportation cost, sporadic power supply and capacity issues. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : India Indias developing populace has put an inordinate weight on characteristic assets, for example, water, backwoods, sand, rocks and minerals, and nature. Quick urbanisation and industrialisation has bothered the issues of contamination and appropriate sanitation, representing a genuine risk to biodiversity. An inordinate dependence on fossil powers for the expanding vitality requests of the countrys enormous populace has expanded Indias share of worldwide nursery outflows. Truth be told, the air in a large portion of the urban communities in India is perilously contaminated.Climate Action Plan India while submitting its climate action plan to the United Nation body in Bonn, Germany, in October 2015, made a commitment to increase its share of clean energy to 40% of its total energy, by 2030(India PESTLE report, MarketLine 2015) It pledged to fight the climate change by taking the energy efficient route and by systematically cutting down its emission intensity. It also clarified t he assistance that it requires from the developed world in face of technology transfer and cheaper access to international finance, including the Green Climate Fund. New Zealand- New Zealands natural issues are very much overseen, with different approaches being executed for ecological protection. The nation has arrangements checking air quality, biodiversity, environmental change, vitality, risky substances, and asset administration and wastage control. The nation has taken numerous activities to enhance its air quality and has set up new gauges under the National Ecological Standard on Air Quality to empower the business to accomplish larger amount of consistence. OBSERVATION:India being biodiversity , and its own well renowned vineyards- SULA Vineyards, Nashik, the manufacturing of Ti Tonics can be carried out as the main ingredients come from the vineyards, so this can also reduce the export and import cost to the country. LEGAL: Rules and Regulations- Government goes ahead with a proposal to levy a steep 40% goods and services tax (GST) on such beverages (The Economic Times, December 5, 2015).due to increasing health diseases. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has chosen to take 2% for exports and 1% for domestic sales on the utilization of foreign exchange check and brand name. Organization that is framed in India by non-natives are subject to pay the expense same as some other residential organization i.e. 33.66% Food And Health Safety: INDIA- FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Recently due to presence of lead in the Maggi which is the product of renowned company Nestle, FSSAI banned the maggi in India which costed Nestle $67 million. (Erika, F. April 2016) NEW ZEALAND- NZBC (New Zealand Beverage Council) According to a recent article Govt take all important measures to keep its food and beverage standards high and up to the mark. Recently A minister has suggested that the recent outbreak of white spot disease that has threatened to destroy a third of Australias farmed prawn industry could be blamed on seafood importers knowingly selling diseased goods which is now being taken care of. (FSANZ, Jan 2017).Also, New Zealand government is likewise wanting to acquaint assess on beverages with confine the measure of sugar devoured by youngsters (Broughton C, 2016). Observation- As Tonic Ti will be presented in India, it need to stay aware of all the new standards and controls and furthermore, This can influence the cost and this will specifically influence the offers of the item. SIMILARITIES AND CLASHES: BACKGROUND TO INDIA-NEW ZEALAND TRADE : New Zealand has a longstanding and amicable association with India, strengthened by regular social connections, for example, a typical dialect, popularity based conventions, and donning relations. Truly be that as it may, this relationship has not brought about exchange extension between them.In 1986, a Trade Agreement amongst India and New Zealand was marked which accommodated the foundation of a Joint Business Council and a Joint Trade Committee ((New Zealand High Commission to India). India has received a Look East arrangement, and has joined cooperation in territorial foundations, for example, the East Asia Summit (EAS) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (MFAT, 2010). This has implied that India and New Zealand are associating all the more consistently in the provincial setting. Indias Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database New Zealands Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database As of now respective exchange streams amongst India and New Zealand are at beneath anticipated that levels analyzed would the worldwide exchange profiles of both nations as uncovered through exchange streams. Respective exchange is additionally limited to a tight scope of items. Regardless of the way that there is impressive potential to both increment and expand exchange given the exchange complementarities that exist between the two nations that so far remain moderately undiscovered.The stunning growth of China and India since 1990s has basic impact on trade. These economies considerable markets with bewildering advancement and related open entryways give the associations and associations dynamic business open entryways and additionally have given unrivalled wander returns. The little size of the New Zealand grandstand makes for it more obligatory, to find and explore exporting and international investment opportunities. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) :It alludes to the amount of the cash expected to buy a given unit of a good, or basic set of merchandise and enterprises. Purchasing power is unmistakably dictated by the relative average cost for basic items and swelling rates in various nations. Acquiring power equality implies levelling the purchasing power of two monetary nations by considering these averages cost for living and swelling contrasts (Economics online). 17.00 Indian Rupee is proportional to one US Dollar in regards to purchasing power in 2014. (World Bank Report) GNI Per capita Income for India (market conversion scale) $ 1610 If we talk about both the countries, the purchasing power differences between both are as follow respectively: New Zealand holds 62 rank worldwide in terms of the GDP Purchasing Power which is 168,187 (billions of $)(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com GDP Purchasing Power Parity of India secures 3rd rank worldwide in terms of Purchasing Power which is 8,642,758 (billions of $).(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com The above figures clearly shows that the India holds a lead in terms of purchasing power and launching a new business in India can be a good idea and can get a fortune in returns if scaled properly. Clashes that the company might face while entering the Indian market are: Existing competitors in the market like organic India. Convincing people to use organic products. Many people still believe in good old taste and production. Due to religion, some might not prefer as it contains ingredients from vineyards. Targeting the right segment with right pitch. TARGET MARKET: As the product offered by the company is organic, the target audience would be different. It is important for the company to understand who their target audience would be. For this particular product it is important for the company to target the niche market or niche consumers in the society.The target audience could also be the educated society or the younger population. As India has a large population of young and educated people. It would important for the company target this audience.Also, the younger generation is more health conscious that the other segments of the society. It gives the company an opportunity to enter the market using this target audience. Also the product being expensive it is important for them to market the product to the people who can afford it and have the disposable income for it.The company should focus on the consumers of Tier 1 and tier 2 cities of India. Demographic: Understanding demographics assumes a urgent part for an organisation to go into another market ,Being second biggest on the planet after China regarding populace, with larger part of youthful era need to focus on the this dominant part as this portion is more well being cognizant and alongside focusing on the speciality fragment. when we are discussing the demographics for India , an organic must be exceptionally cautious in comprehension the particulars An new entry segment needs demographics to distinguish the perfect shopper for his item or benefits and create promoting techniques, for example, item bundling, notices, business area and estimating.The long-term story for Indian food consumption is promising, as a young and increasing population, coupled with rising incomes, will drive growth.The government is effectively looking for interest in the herbal and organic industries, proposing that organizations communicating an intrigue would be allowed an extremely liberal speculation atmosphere. Below is the graph to get a better view of Indians expenditure on non alcoholic drinks : Occupation The primary focus of our item is youth populace and the general population who are working since short time. As indicated by results 19,948(000) are the youthful era. this era is dependably favour well being cognisant beverages. So this can be a positive flag to offer our item to our objective market. (Choudaha, 2012) Geographical :One of the main factors that the group could use in their division technique is geographic. This would permit the group to break the market into areas by atmosphere, density, market size, etc. Many organizations utilize atmosphere if their items or administrations depend on the climate.India being well positioned on the globe, experience all the seasons.Geographical front will not affect our product much as its a organic tea product which comes with different flavours so it can be consumed in any time of the season. The interest in healthy drinks in the urban business sector has developed at 22% CAGR in the course of recent years, while the comparing figure for rural markets is 18% CAGR (compound annual growth rate). (Sharma,2016). Psychographic And Human Behaviour : Psychographic Segmentation is utilized for the most part to focus on a specific gathering from inside a population. Psychographic Segmentation is one which utilizes people groups way of life, their exercises, premiums and also sentiments to characterize a market portion. Psychographic Segmentation is very like behavioral division. Be that as it may, Psychographic Segmentation additionally takes the mental parts of purchaser purchasing conduct into records. These mental perspectives might be buyers way of life, his social remaining and additionally his AIO. (Bhasin, 2016) Lifestyle: India involves majority of young population. Yet, the way of life of todays youth is changing from partying to more into stay fit and healthy and this gets in favour of following healthy diet and food habits.This is the best time to promote this unique organic drink into Indian market. Social Class:Distinctive purchasers fall in various social classes. This depends for the most part on their purchasing power. The purchasing force is influenced by the foundation of the client, his salary and in addition his ways of managing money. The client will dependably purchase to keep up his social class. Subsequently being organic product, this remains in the niche segment, Ti Tonic need to remember both Lifestyle and additionally social class. COMMUNICATION METHODS: Digital Marketting : Online networking is exceptionally being used nowadays. Online advancements should be possible through Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Blogger etc. We can make online journals, we can make page on Facebook and Twitter. This will help us to showcase our items among paople populace. Posting advancements on locales that get overwhelming human collaboration is one way to deal with get the word out about your business, for instance, we can utilize Facebook or MySpace having broadcasting programs with advancements exceptionally fitted to a particular statistic populace. These ads seem just nearby profiles that meet the motivations behind your things target business division. In like manner, we can utilize Google AdWords organization to post online promotions this administration is exceptionally to post advertisements Television Advertisements :T.V business are the most ideal approach to showcase any item to the intended interest group. Relationship of the item with a prestigious individual, snappy jingles, appealing state of being or serious feeling makes a strong mental relationship in the customer. In India individuals appreciate watching cricket coordinates, the promoting this item around then is the most ideal approach to draw in more clients. Print Media / Publications :News papers are the most settled kind of print media. They are all things considered taken at home, or are open at daily paper slows down, and it is the most sensible way to deal with accomplishes a huge mass of people quickly. There are numerous daily paper as per the populace. As we are focusing on youth populace we can pick the new paper that Is for the most part utilized by youth populace. This can help us to achieve an ever increasing number of clients. Boards have for the most part become mechanized, in any case they qualify under the class of print media after each one of, and the notices are imprinted on the release. These fuse substance and design generally as a blend in order to make it all the all the more captivating. Boards can be shown on the streets, under bridge, in some occasion. Sponsorship :Advancing your thing event sponsorship can take various structures. You may get a certification in the event program, have an on area territory where you can give out example of the item, or your association logo may appear on the publications around the scene. The most ideal approach to elevate the item to youth populace is to print the logo on the uniform of cricket group or football group. By supporting an occasion the logo of the item can be imprinted on the ticket of that occasion. This will draw in the general population for the item. CONCLUSION: The report demonstrates key model and factors that should be considered while entering into a market. PESTEL has given us overview of both the countries and where they stand in terms of feasibility to do business. Choosing India as an entry market could be beneficial for the company because of its large population and increasing awareness among people regarding health and awareness.By doing PESTEL for working together on Indian market, we have inferred that there are numerous many points of interest with few impediments.Taking a gander at Political and lawful, India government is arranging forced laws and assessments to make individuals devour less sugar sweetened drink, if these laws and expenses will be forced then it is less demanding to work together in Indian market. Looking at soundness of nation, there wont be any issue with respect to this point as India is a stable economy.In Economical element PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) is most essential things in perspective of GDP. The discovering demonstrates that PPP of India is route superior to New Zealand. This can be sure flag for selling our product.As indicated by the reviews, natural items will be most ideal items in not so distant future in Indian market, so this will favourable position for the organisation to offer it in Indian market. In India individuals are more worry about their well being in perspective of devouring beverages and refreshments. Individuals dont incline toward more sugar sweetened beverages. Government is likewise spreading mindfulness about this issue, this can be a major favourable position to offer the item. Taste is the most critical issue in attempting any new item. In India individuals dont want to attempt another flavor so this can be somewhat testing to get more purchasers. Looking at the market analysis results, we can conclude that YES we can do business in India. http://www.ti-tonics.com/ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/proposal-of-40-gst-on-aerated-drinks-tobacco-could-severely-hit-both-sectors/articleshow/50046110.cms http://www.nzbc.nz/industry/news.asp# Economic Times, 2016 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/economic-survey-2016-india-a-haven-of-stability-amidst-gloomy-global-economic-landscape/articleshow/51151707.cms India pestle http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=PP=ANK=113278756S=RD=buhEbscoContent=dGJyMNXb4kSepq84xNvgOLCmr0%2BeprBSsKa4TbaWxWXSContentCustomer=dGJyMPGotkiwq7JRuePfgeyx4Ivn NZ PESTLE http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=35921c1e-bdb0-4624-afc1-d13c0593b08a%40sessionmgr104vid=3hid=124 OECD New Zealand Economic Surveys-http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/New-Zealand-2015-overview.pdf MFAT Evaluation report 2010-https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/aid-and-development/our-approach-to-aid/evaluation-and-research/evaluation-reports-2010/ Economics online http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Purchasing_power_parity.html PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP?locations=IN List of countries by GDP- PPPhttps://www.revolvy.com/topic/List%20of%20countries%20by%20GDP%20(PPP)item_type=topic Dr. Statistics on Indian Higher Education 2012-2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from htt

The Left Hand of Darkness :: Left Hand of Darkness Essays

The Left Hand of Darkness      Although the author of The Left Hand of Darkness, Ursula K. Le Guin discussed in the introduction that this book is not extrapolative or a prediction of future, the plots in the book are extraporative to some extent.   Since the story takes place in the past, Ekumenical Year 1490-97, this book is different from other science fictions which the stories take place in the future.   However, the issues that the author deal with in the book are a prediction of the future; it can happen.   Guin also claimed that "if I could have said it non-metaphorically, I would not have written all these words, this novel."   Her metaphoric settings and words confuse whether or not our world is natural.      Since Guin set the story in the past with extraordinary imagination, it was very hard to get into her world from the first chapter, Winter, Hainsh Cycle 93, Ekumenical Year 1490-97.   In the first chapter, the way that Guin introduces the story pulling the readers in mysterious or mythic worlds even beyond any imaginative worlds.   She explains her imaginative worlds in detail every once in a while yet it is not easy to share and to understand her worlds.   The main reason might be the story takes place in the past instead of 'future.'   We normally perceive a mythic future.   And also, we think that we can not change our history.      The author of Utopian and Science Fiction by Women: Worlds of Difference, Naomi Jacobs pointed out that Guin's theme is gender differences and sexuality in the frozen landscape.   In the story, Gethen describes the setting as a place of gender freedom.   Gender issues are sensitive issues in our culture and will remain as it is.   In Guin's imaginative world, men's pregnancy is a natural phenomenon.   This imagination is used in many other books and movies even today.   (For more info, see Jason's paper)   However, Guin's use of the imagination is difficult to share because her imaginative world has already passed.      The theme that Guin discussed in the book was similar to other science fictions.   Death and fear are always the theme in science fiction.   Throughout the story, people died in the frozen landscape and they have fear in their life.

Leda and the Swan Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

In William Butler Yeats poem â€Å"Leda and the Swan†, he uses the fourteen lines of the traditional sonnet form in a radical, modernist style. He calls up a series of unforgettable, bizarre images of an immediate physical event using abstract descriptions in brief language. Through structure and language Yeats is able to paint a powerful sexual image to his readers without directly giving the meaning of the poem. â€Å"Leda and the Swan† is a violent, sexually explicit poem with its plain diction, rhythmic vigor, and allusions to mystical ideas about the universe, the relationship of human and divine, and the cycles of history. It can be seen as a poem about the way a single event is to be understood as part of a larger scheme; the result of the god’s assault on Leda is the birth of Helen of Troy...

Corporate Communication Strategies Essay

Introduction In this report, corporate communication strategies in companies are discussed. The essentiality of corporate communication strategy and its  link with the corporate objectives is discussed in this report. The report aims to know what impact that a corporate communication strategies, either an internal communication strategy or an external communication strategy can create on the business success as well as on the internal and external stakeholders of the company like employees, customers, suppliers, government and so on. The need for corporate communication audit and monitoring of corporate communication strategies are also another highlights of this report Task 1 1.1Purpose of Corporate Communication Strategies Corporate business Communication strategy gears up its relevance in the contemporary business scenarios. This is a prominent ingredient in an effectual business strategy that helps the company to lead its path to ultimate success. Business communication seems to be complete with an effective corporate communication strategy which forms a base for a transparent communication among different people within a company as well as outside the business organisation. Public relations, advertising, marketing etc form a part of corporate communications, some other tools of corporate communication. Looking at the internal perspective, operational employee, team managers etc can increase their work efficiency through improved corporate communication among them. In the external perspective, through corporate communication, company can build good relationship with suppliers, customers/clients, shareholders, funding organisations, local communities, the media, etc and ensure smooth business operations. This is considered as a key ingredient of a business function that enables the coordination of work done by all individuals in each department. A proper synchronization of both external and internal communication is essential to ensure more business success. This leads to increased support of each stakeholder to the company. 1.2Assessment of how corporate communication is linked to corporate objectives within organizations Corporate communication plays a significant role in attaining the corporate  objectives. Customer satisfaction is a vital corporate objective, wherein communicating the product features and specifications is enabled through an effective corporate communication. How far the customers get attracted to the company’s product is linked with how extensively and effectively corporate communication techniques like advertising, marketing etc indulge in customer minds. Corporate communication strategies ensure the achievement of corporate objectives as when target customers get a clear picture about the product through various corporate communication strategies they get more attracted to the product. This will increase the sales volume, profitability, market share, brand image etc of the company. Thereby, corporate communication has a good linkage with the corporate objectives and its achievement. 1.3Analysis of relationships between Corporate Communication and Corporate Branding Corporate branding is build with the strong foundation of corporate communication. A proper sync of corporate branding and corporate communication helps a company to meet its ultimate business goals smoothly. A company aims to formulate most effective communication strategy for a better brand image. Branding distinguish the company product from another similar product. It is an identity of a product. Effective corporate communication reaches the customers in a successful manner and thereby they will be able to make out the unique and distinct features of the product. Corporate communication strategies improve the brand image of a product and thereby the product sustain in the minds of customers, who start treating the product as a premium brand. A better customer relationship is promised through branding and effective corporate communication. By communicating all the product details to the customers, brand awareness in the minds of the customers will be enhanced, leading to more brand loyalty. Thereby, customer retention is enabled using the most appropriate corporate communication and branding strategies (Kim, S, 2011). Task 2 2.1 Demonstration of how you would plan an internal corporate communication audit Any corporate communication strategy would not serve the purpose of business effectiveness. Hence, a company conducts corporate communication audits both internally and externally to evaluate the efficiency of a corporate communication strategy. This evaluation can be made by exploring the delicate areas of communication strategy and thereby forming a major part of corporate communication audit. A detailed communication audit demands for a considerable amount of fund utilization or expenses related to invoices and bills on stationary, travelling and so on. The financial budget for a communication audit needs to be planned well before its conduct and approved by the concerned authorized personnel. A transparent communication between the auditor and the company representatives is ideal for a smooth flow of auditing process. Various assessment techniques like interview, observation, content analysis etc are practiced by the auditor during the audit. The time limit for the entire audit process is pre determined so as to ensure successful completion considering every aspects in the auditing (Cornelissen 2014) 2.2 Explain how you would conduct an internal corporate communications audit The internal communication audit aims to identify and evaluate the methods in the internal communication process. As a first step, the senior management personnel and other staffs of a company are interviewed to know more about the thought pattern of each employee regarding the prevailing communication strategy. Surveys in the form of questionnaire are another typical method of communication audit to evaluate the varying responses on communication process within the organization. As a result of this, quantitative data on the same can be drawn. Qualitative data is achieved through group meetings with the concerned individuals in the company. This helps the auditor to know impact of communication process in the actual business executions 2.3 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of current levels of practice in your organization Evaluating the current communication strategy in the company fosters more business communication effectiveness. Considering the company, Coca Cola, a US based multinational company corporate communication strategies are very relevant for the company. This is due to the fact that the company has several branches across the world, where business communication is a challenging aspect. Also, increased customer base, supply chain management etc is some other challenging elements that demand for an effective corporate communication strategies in Coca Cola. Transparency and clarity in communication to both internal and external stakeholders of the company strengthen the bonding of the stakeholders within Coca Cola. This ensures more reliable and loyal stakeholders including its employees, customers, suppliers, dealers and so on. This imparts effectual business operations by the company with the complete support from all its stakeholders. The successful business communication networks between different branches of the company all over the world, the effective supply chain management, increased customer base, loyal employees etc form evidence of existing communication practices in a company and its effectiveness (Doorley & Garcia 2011). Task 3 3.1 Demonstrate how you would plan an external corporate communications audit Planning an external audit is another crucial aspect for a company. Hence, expert handling of communication audit is recommended. The company decides whether to hire an expert auditor or to entrust this duty to the concerned PR staff inside the organization. The time allotted for each step in the external audit process is planned in advance so that there will be no delays or issues in between. Also, the company plans the sources to collect the data proving the effectiveness of the current external communication, is determined well in advance. This may include people or corporate to approach, interviewing its external stakeholders and so on (Parguel et al. 2011). 3.2 Demonstrate how you would conduct an external corporate communications  audit Conducting an external communication audit involves several steps, starting with the identification of the key elements in the company, like its logo, symbols, letterhead, business cards etc. External communication audit is done by either one to one interview with the concerned people, customer survey, telephonic talks, discussions etc. The ideal research method for each external audit depends and may vary from one to another. The past communication audit need a thorough evaluation so as to ascertain the loopholes or untouched arenas in the previous external communication audits. Welcoming feedbacks, suggestions from customers, employees, suppliers etc form another integral part of external communication audit, to know the current status of external communication(Kaplan, R. S., & Norton 2001). 3.3 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of current levels of practice There exists an inevitable need for the evaluation of existing external communication process in the company so as to ensure business growth. External environment of this multinational giant in no doubt, is a critical element, where medias, political ups and downs, changing economic trends etc demand for apt external communication strategies. Hence, to know the effectiveness of such existing external communication methods requires a need to look in to its each and every aspect. It is essential to know whether the stakeholders are communicated well and are in sync with the business dealings, resource allocation and mobilization is proper or not etc. In a successful company, external communication process outstands with the expert touch where all the stakeholders are coordinated and communicated effectively. There sees a widening of their business horizons in the light and support of ace external communication methods adopted by the company. Reliable and transparent communication approach is a trademark of a successful company, that leads its business to new heights (Kim 2011). Task 4 4.1 Explain how you would plan the objectives of a corporate communication  strategy Planning of corporate communication strategy is the prior step to the formulation of this strategy. Corporate communication strategy, at its planning stage, determines how to achieve the corporate goals of the company. The clarity and relevance is sought in the objectives planned in order to make the communication strategy more applicable and effective. Monitoring the objectives effectiveness after the planning stage can lead to more improvisation on the same, wherever needed. It is essential to include all the mandate objectives and goals of the company to ensure there is a smooth execution corporate communication, both internally and externally (Coombs, W. T., & Holladay 2011) 4.2 Select the audiences to influence with a corporate communications strategy Customers or audience of a company forms a crucial part of the company, impacting its sales volume and profitability. Audience influence is hence associated in each aspect of its communication strategy. When the product is properly communicated to the target customers, the message will become clear to the customers and thereby more customers are attracted to the product. This can increase the sales of the products of the company. Hence, it is essential for the firm to formulate the ideal and most efficient communication strategies that will have an impact on the customers in a higher degree. More clarity and reliability are sought by customers through communication strategies and this need to be incorporated in the corporate communication strategies for better audience base(Keller et al. 2011). 4.3 Plan appropriate measures to monitor a planned corporate communications strategy Monitoring the effectiveness of a corporate strategy is an integral part in the company as this will help to identify the pitfalls and the necessary corrective steps can be taken on an immediate basis without any delays. This will also helps to improve communication with internal and external stakeholders. One of such measuring element is to create SMART (Specific,  measurable, attributable, realistic, time bound) objectives. Also, needs to look at both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of corporate communication strategies. The outcome of the strategy needs to be evaluated so as to identify the rectifications (Karaosmanoglu & Melewar 2006). Task 5 Reflective Learning Statement From this report, it can be understood that corporate communication strategies forms a prominent part of any organization. There is a vital need to ensure these are framed considering every aspects of communication related to both internal stakeholders as well as external stakeholders. The effectiveness of corporate communication strategies is ensured by conducting corporate communication internal and external audit. This involves a series of steps wherein all the stakeholders both inside and outside the company are surveyed to identify the impact of the prevailing communication on them. This helps the company to know where it lags behind and what all improvements it needs to take in the future to ensure a more effective corporate communication strategy. Corporate communication strategy is also related to corporate objectives as the attainment of business goals and selling of products, influence of the target audience etc are based on the effectiveness of corporate communication stra tegies(Roth 2014). Conclusion To sum up, it is noted that corporate communication strategies are the foundation of business growth and success. When there is an effective communication by the company towards its internal and external stakeholder, it will bring more trust factor on the stakeholders and who in turn support all the business activities. Suppose, If there is a transparent and timely communication of product details to the customers through the communication tools like advertisement, marketing techniques etc, it will increase the brand image as well as brand loyalty by the customers. In this report, the relevance of corporate communication strategy of a company is discussed.  Corporate communication strategies have a great link with the ultimate business goals. Corporate branding and communication are linked together. When the brand is communicated effectively to the customers, it will lead to more business success. To know the effectiveness of corporate communication strategies, internal and external corporate audit is conducted. There is a need to monitor a planned corporate strategy to make necessary improvements on the same (Becker-Olsen et al. 2011). References Becker-Olsen, K.L. et al., 2011. A Cross-Cultural Examination of Corporate Social Responsibility Marketing Communications in Mexico and the United States: Strategies for Global Brands. Journal of International Marketing, 19(2), pp.30–44. Available at: http://journals.ama.org/doi/abs/10.1509/jimk.19.2.30 [Accessed February 3, 2015]. Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S.J., 2011. The handbook of crisis communication (Vol. 22). J. W. & Sons., ed., Cornelissen, 2014. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice, sage. Doorley, J. & Garcia, H.F., 2011. Reputation Management: The Key to Successful Public Relations and Corporate Communication, Routledge. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=TWqUAgAAQBAJ&pgis=1 [Accessed February 3, 2015]. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D.P., 2001. business environment. Harvard Business Press. Available at: file:///C:/Users/Joseph/Downloads/02bfe50d1e9e9e6bfb000000.pdf [Accessed February 1, 2015]. Karaosmanoglu, E. & Melewar, T.C., 2 006. Corporate communications, identity and image: A research agenda. Journal of Brand Management, 14(1/2), pp.196–206. Available at: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/bm/journal/v14/n1/abs/2550060a.html [Accessed February 3, 2015]. Keller, K.L., Parameswaran, M.G. & Jacob, I., 2011. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Pearson. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cofhZbwwFuYC&pgis=1 [Accessed February 3, 2015]. Kim, S., 2011. Taylor & Francis Online. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1062726X.2011.555647#.VNBrz2iUdMA [Accessed February 3, 2015]. Parguel, B., Benoà ®t-Moreau, F. & Larceneux, F., 2011. How Sustainability Ratings Might Deter â€Å"Greenwashing†: A Closer Look